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- From: lpb@STRATUS.SWDC.STRATUS.COM (Len Bucuvalas (408)559-5363)
- Subject: Star Systems With Habitable Planets
- Date: 14 Feb 92 23:04:04 GMT
-
-
- The following posting is a summary written by my friend and
- co-worker, Drew LePage, of an article in the January 1992 issue of
- the JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH INTERPLANETARY SOCIETY (JBIS), Volume 45,
- Number 1. Titled "An Estimate of the Prevalence of Biocompatible
- and Habitable Planets", it is authored by M. J. Fogg.
-
- ########################################################################
-
- There is a very interesting article in the January 1992 edition
- of the JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH INTERPLANETARY SOCIETY (JBIS) on the
- likelihood of various types of stars having habitable or biocompatible
- planets. A biocompatible planet is one where the long term presence
- of surface liquid water provides environmental conditions suitable for
- for the origin and evolution of life. There are three subsets of
- biocompatible planets:
-
- * Juvenile Martian - As the name implies, it is a planet with condition
- similar to those found on Mars early in its life. The planet would
- receive between 27% and 75% of the light we presently receive from the
- Sun and possess plate tectonics or some other geochemical carbon cycle.
- Mars was this type for its first one billion years.
-
- * Juvenile Terran - Again as the name implies, this is a planet with
- conditions similar to those found on the early Earth. The planet
- would receive between 75% and 95% of the light we presently receive
- from the Sun and be geologically active. Earth was this type of planet
- for its first four billion years (i.e. during the Precambrian period).
-
- * Habitable - This is a planet with Earthlike conditions. The planet
- would receive between 95% and 110% of the light we receive and be
- geologically active.
-
- The author of the study collected the results of various studies
- to determine what conditions produce biocompatible and habitable
- planets, the evolution of stars and the effects on planetary environ-
- ments, the likely distribution of planets in other systems, as well
- as others. The results of the author's simulations indicate the
- following:
-
- * Habitable planets can exist around stars with 0.8 to 1.8 times the
- mass of the Sun.
-
- * Biocompatible planets can exist around stars with 0.5 to 1.8 times the
- mass of the Sun.
-
- * Habitable planets may occur around >3% of the stars between 0.85 and
- 1.45 times the mass of the Sun.
-
- * Biocompatible planets may occur around >30% of the stars between 0.8
- and 1.25 time the mass of the Sun.
-
- If only single stars possess planets:
-
- * There would be one habitable planet for every 413 stars.
-
- * The mean distance between systems with habitable planets would be
- 31 light years.
-
- * There would be one biocompatible planet for every 39 stars.
-
- * The mean distance between systems with biocompatible planets would be
- 14 light years.
-
- * There would be about 362 biocompatible (of which 34 would be habitable)
- planets within 100 light years of us.
-
- If planets could form in multiple star systems:
-
- * There would be one habitable planet for every 196 stars.
-
- * The mean distance between systems with habitable planets would be 24
- light years.
-
- * There would be one biocompatible planet for every 18 stars.
-
- * The mean distance between systems with biocompatible planets would be
- 11 light years.
-
- * There would be about 763 biocompatible (of which 71 would be habitable)
- planets within 100 light years of us.
-
- The author goes further and calculates the probability of the
- nearer stars having biocompatible or habitable planets. Assuming that
- planets can form in multiple star systems the following probabilities
- were calculated:
-
- Name Distance (LY) Type Habitable Biocompatible
-
- Alpha Centauri A 4.38 G2V 7.8% 44%
- Alpha Centauri B 4.38 K6V 4.4% 38%
- Epsilon Eridani 10.69 K2V 0.6% 34%
- 61 Cygni A 11.17 K5V 0.0% 5.8%
- 61 Cygni B 11.17 K7V 0.0% 0.3%
- Epsilon Indi 11.21 K5V 0.0% 18%
- Lacille 9352 11.69 M2 0.0% <0.3%
- Tau Ceti 11.95 G8V 1.5% 35%
- Lacille 8760 12.54 M1V 0.0% 1.5%
- Groombridge 1618 15.03 K7 0.0% 2.5%
- 70 Ophiuchi A 16.73 K1 4.4% 38%
- 70 Ophiuchi B 16.73 K6 0.0% 16%
- 36 Ophiuchi A 17.73 K0V 0.0% 28%
- 36 Ophiuchi B 17.73 K1V 0.0% 27%
- 36 Ophiuchi C 17.73 K5V 0.0% 9.0%
- HR 7703 A 18.43 K3V 0.0% 27%
- Sigma Draconis 18.53 K0V 1.5% 35%
- Delta Pavonis 18.64 G5 5.1% 39%
- Eta Cassiopeiae A 19.19 G0V 3.9% 38%
- Eta Cassiopeiae B 19.19 M0 0.0% 0.7%
- HD 36395 19.19 M1V 0.0% 0.5%
- Wolf 294 19.41 M4 0.0% <0.3%
- +5301320 A 19.65 M0 0.0% 0.6%
- +5301320 B 19.65 M0 0.0% 0.5%
- -45013677 20.6 M0 0.0% <0.3%
- 82 Eridani 20.9 G5 4.4% 38%
- Beta Hydri 21.3 G1 7.5% 35%
- HR 8832 21.4 K3 0.0% 23%
-
- Assuming that the author's simulations and calculations are
- correct, there could be as many as 5.6 BILLION biocompatible planets
- in our galaxy of which about 500 MILLION are habitable. And, as the
- above table shows, the nearest biocompatible planet could only be
- 4.38 light years away.
-
- Drew LePage
-
-
- ----- End Included Message -----
-